Array
(
[a_id] => 260639
[c_id] => 11
[r_id] => 0
[rr_id] => 0
[m_id] => 0
[s_id] => 25646
[id_id] => 0
[v_id] => 0
[loc_id] => 0
[ft_id] => 0
[a_classification] => news
[a_layout] => 1
[a_headline] => Fighting HIV With Breast Milk: Protein TNC May Protect Breastfeeding Babies With HIV-Positive Mothers
[a_sheadline] => Fighting HIV With Breast Milk
[a_slug] => fighting-hiv-breast-milk-protein-tnc-may-protect-breastfeeding-babies-hiv-positive-mothers-260639
[a_subheadline] =>
[a_summary] => A protein in breast milk may protect newborns against HIV, a new study has found.
[a_article] =>
Breast milk may help ward off human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), according to a new study. Researchers at Duke University have discovered that a compound occurring in maternal milk can kill the virus and protect newborns from becoming infected. The findings help explain why infants with HIV-positive mothers don’t become infected more often than they do.
While scientists have been investigating the apparent antiviral properties of breast milk for some time, the new study is among the first to single out a particular protective compound. The research, which is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, focused on a protein known as Tenascin-C, or TNC. According to Sallie Permar, professor of pediatrics and senior author of the study, the discovery could underpin new methods of treating babies born to HIV-positive mothers. In nations with limited access to conventional medication, such methods may revolutionize prevention strategies.
"Even though we have anti-retroviral drugs that can work to prevent mother-to-child transmission, not every pregnant woman is being tested for HIV, and less than 60 percent are receiving the prevention drugs – particularly in countries with few resources," she said in a statement released by the university. "There is still a need for alternative strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission, which is why this work is important."
Although TNC is known to play a crucial role in pre- and postnatal development, no other studies have illuminated its apparent antiviral and germ-fighting capacity. "TNC is a component of the 'extracellular matrix' that is integral to how tissues hold themselves together," Permar told Health Day. "This is a protein involved during wound healing, playing a role in tissue repair. It is also known to be important in fetal development, but its reason for being a component of breast milk or its antiviral properties had never been described."
That said, more research is needed to determine whether TNC fights HIV on its own or with other substances. Until a conclusive study has been produced, HIV-positive mothers should continue to follow the recommendations of public health agencies like the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), whose guidelines explicitly forbid infected women to breastfeed under any circumstances.
Source: Genevieve G. Fouda, Frederick H. Jaeger, Joshua D. Amos, Carrie Ho, Erika L. Kunz, Kara Anasti, Lisa W. Stamper, Brooke E. Liebl, Kimberly H. Barbas, Tomoo Ohashi, Martin Arthur Moseley, Hua-Xin Liao, Harold P. Erickson, S. Munir Alam, and Sallie R. Permar Tenascin-C is an innate broad-spectrum, HIV-1–neutralizing protein in breast milk. PNAS 2013 ; published ahead of print October 21, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1307336110
[c_iab] =>
[c_order] => 0
[c_allow] => 1
[c_time] => 0000-00-00 00:00:00
[c_country] =>
[tid] => 11
[c_parent] => Array
(
[0] => 11
)
[c_path] => Array
(
[0] => Conditions
)
[c_status] => Array
(
[0] => 1
)
[c_path_slug] => Array
(
[0] => conditions
)
[w] =>
[h] =>
)
[1] => Array
(
[c_id] => 14
)
)
[reporters] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
)
)
[reviews] => Array
(
)
[s_name] => Medical Daily
[s_slug] => medical-daily
[s_credit] => Published by Medicaldaily.com
[web_id] => 0
[s_aid] => 0
[cen_s_id] => 0
[s_url] =>
[s_order] => 0
[s_photo] =>
[s_allow] => 1
[a_facebook] => 0
[a_twitter] => 0
[a_plus] => 0
[a_linkedin] => 0
[a_reddit] => 0
[a_views] => 0
[r_headline] => Fighting HIV With Breast Milk
[a_error] => 0
[a_search] => Fighting HIV With Breast Milk: Protein TNC May Protect Breastfeeding Babies With HIV-Positive Mothers
[a_h1] =>
[a_standout] => 0
[a_standouted] => 0
[a_special] =>
[a_rshare] => 0
[a_applenews_id] =>
[a_applenews_revision] =>
[a_url_slug] =>
[a_noindex] => 0
[a_link] =>
[a_syndication] => 1
[a_meta_description] =>
[a_key_points] =>
[a_tier] =>
[a_value1] =>
[a_value2] => 0
[a_weight] => 0
[a_whitelist] => 1
[a_permanant_whitelist] => 0
[a_parent_id] => 0
[a_web_id] => 0
[a_rank] => 0
[a_ads] => 1
[a_google_ai] => 0
[a_disclaimer] => 1
[a_cloudsearch] => 0
[a_json] =>
[keywords] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[k_id] => 3521
[k_keyword] => Infant health
[k_page_title] =>
[k_meta_description] =>
[k_slug] => infant-health
[k_type] => 0
[id_id] =>
[file_id] => 0
[c_id] => 0
[m_id] => 1
[k_text] =>
[k_tree] => 3521
[k_parent_id] => 0
[k_ancestry] => -3521-
[k_level] => 0
[k_article] =>
[k_allow] => 2
[k_time] => 2014-08-16 14:05:02
[k_photo] =>
[k_tid] => 33166
[k_tslug] => conditions/infant-health
[k_approved] => 0
)
[1] => Array
(
[k_id] => 3555
[k_keyword] => Women's health
[k_page_title] =>
[k_meta_description] => Women's health refers to health issues specific to human female anatomy. These often relate to structures such as female genitalia and breasts or to conditions caused by hormones specific to, or most notable in, females. Women's health issues include mens
[k_slug] => womens-health
[k_type] => 0
[id_id] =>
[file_id] => 0
[c_id] => 0
[m_id] => 1
[k_text] => Women's health refers to health issues specific to human female anatomy. These often relate to structures such as female genitalia and breasts or to conditions caused by hormones specific to, or most notable in, females. Women's health issues include menstruation, contraception, maternal health, child birth, menopause and breast cancer.
[k_tree] => 3555
[k_parent_id] => 0
[k_ancestry] => -3555-
[k_level] => 0
[k_article] =>
[k_allow] => 2
[k_time] => 2015-02-24 10:23:50
[k_photo] =>
[k_tid] => 26598
[k_tslug] => conditions/womens-health
[k_approved] => 0
)
[2] => Array
(
[k_id] => 1751
[k_keyword] => HIV/AIDS
[k_page_title] =>
[k_meta_description] =>
[k_slug] => hiv-aids
[k_type] => 0
[id_id] =>
[file_id] => 0
[c_id] => 0
[m_id] => 1
[k_text] =>
[k_tree] => 1751
[k_parent_id] => 0
[k_ancestry] => -1751-
[k_level] => 0
[k_article] => 249
[k_allow] => 2
[k_time] => 2013-09-04 10:55:31
[k_photo] =>
[k_tid] => 34070
[k_tslug] => conditions/hivaids
[k_approved] => 0
)
[3] => Array
(
[k_id] => 32090
[k_keyword] => Breastfeeding hiv
[k_page_title] =>
[k_meta_description] =>
[k_slug] => breastfeeding-hiv
[k_type] => 0
[id_id] =>
[file_id] =>
[c_id] => 0
[m_id] => 1
[k_text] =>
[k_tree] => 32090
[k_parent_id] => 0
[k_ancestry] => -32090-
[k_level] => 0
[k_article] =>
[k_allow] => 1
[k_time] => 2013-10-22 16:51:56
[k_photo] =>
[k_tid] => 0
[k_tslug] =>
[k_approved] => 0
)
[4] => Array
(
[k_id] => 32091
[k_keyword] => Tenascin c protein
[k_page_title] =>
[k_meta_description] =>
[k_slug] => tenascin-c-protein
[k_type] => 0
[id_id] =>
[file_id] =>
[c_id] => 0
[m_id] => 1
[k_text] =>
[k_tree] => 32091
[k_parent_id] => 0
[k_ancestry] => -32091-
[k_level] => 0
[k_article] =>
[k_allow] => 1
[k_time] => 2013-10-22 16:51:56
[k_photo] =>
[k_tid] => 0
[k_tslug] =>
[k_approved] => 0
)
[5] => Array
(
[k_id] => 32092
[k_keyword] => Breast milk hiv infection
[k_page_title] =>
[k_meta_description] =>
[k_slug] => breast-milk-hiv-infection
[k_type] => 0
[id_id] =>
[file_id] =>
[c_id] => 0
[m_id] => 1
[k_text] =>
[k_tree] => 32092
[k_parent_id] => 0
[k_ancestry] => -32092-
[k_level] => 0
[k_article] =>
[k_allow] => 1
[k_time] => 2013-10-22 16:51:56
[k_photo] =>
[k_tid] => 0
[k_tslug] =>
[k_approved] => 0
)
[6] => Array
(
[k_id] => 32093
[k_keyword] => Infant hiv
[k_page_title] =>
[k_meta_description] =>
[k_slug] => infant-hiv
[k_type] => 0
[id_id] =>
[file_id] =>
[c_id] => 0
[m_id] => 1
[k_text] =>
[k_tree] => 32093
[k_parent_id] => 0
[k_ancestry] => -32093-
[k_level] => 0
[k_article] =>
[k_allow] => 1
[k_time] => 2013-10-22 16:51:56
[k_photo] =>
[k_tid] => 0
[k_tslug] =>
[k_approved] => 0
)
)
[shorten] =>
[locations] => Array
(
)
[related] => Array
(
)
[channels] => Array
(
)
[graphic] => Array
(
)
[feature] => Array
(
)
[topics] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[k_id] => 3521
[k_keyword] => Infant health
[k_page_title] =>
[k_meta_description] =>
[k_slug] => infant-health
[k_type] => 0
[id_id] =>
[file_id] => 0
[c_id] => 0
[m_id] => 1
[k_text] =>
[k_tree] => 3521
[k_parent_id] => 0
[k_ancestry] => -3521-
[k_level] => 0
[k_article] =>
[k_allow] => 2
[k_time] => 2014-08-16 14:05:02
[k_photo] =>
[k_tid] => 33166
[k_tslug] => conditions/infant-health
[k_approved] => 0
[k_count] => 150
)
[1] => Array
(
[k_id] => 3555
[k_keyword] => Women's health
[k_page_title] =>
[k_meta_description] => Women's health refers to health issues specific to human female anatomy. These often relate to structures such as female genitalia and breasts or to conditions caused by hormones specific to, or most notable in, females. Women's health issues include mens
[k_slug] => womens-health
[k_type] => 0
[id_id] =>
[file_id] => 0
[c_id] => 0
[m_id] => 1
[k_text] => Women's health refers to health issues specific to human female anatomy. These often relate to structures such as female genitalia and breasts or to conditions caused by hormones specific to, or most notable in, females. Women's health issues include menstruation, contraception, maternal health, child birth, menopause and breast cancer.
[k_tree] => 3555
[k_parent_id] => 0
[k_ancestry] => -3555-
[k_level] => 0
[k_article] =>
[k_allow] => 2
[k_time] => 2015-02-24 10:23:50
[k_photo] =>
[k_tid] => 26598
[k_tslug] => conditions/womens-health
[k_approved] => 0
[k_count] => 1760
)
[2] => Array
(
[k_id] => 1751
[k_keyword] => HIV/AIDS
[k_page_title] =>
[k_meta_description] =>
[k_slug] => hiv-aids
[k_type] => 0
[id_id] =>
[file_id] => 0
[c_id] => 0
[m_id] => 1
[k_text] =>
[k_tree] => 1751
[k_parent_id] => 0
[k_ancestry] => -1751-
[k_level] => 0
[k_article] => 249
[k_allow] => 2
[k_time] => 2013-09-04 10:55:31
[k_photo] =>
[k_tid] => 34070
[k_tslug] => conditions/hivaids
[k_approved] => 0
[k_count] => 236
)
)
[first_info] => Array
(
[eh_id] => 33298
[eh_what] => article
[a_id] => 260639
[eh_type] => imageBox
[eh_align] => block
[eh_width] => 640
[eh_height] =>
[eh_w] => 736
[eh_h] => 0
[eh_position] => -2
[eh_text] =>
[eh_parent] => 0
[eh_num] => 0
[eh_time] => 2013-10-22 16:51:56
[eh_x1] => 260630
[eh_d1] => 260630
[eh_d2] =>
[eh_d3] => Although TNC is known to play a crucial role in pre- and postnatal development, no previous studies have illuminated its germ-fighting ability.
[eh_d4] =>
[eh_d5] => breastfeeding
[eh_d6] =>
[eh_d7] =>
[eh_d8] =>
[eh_d9] =>
[eh_d10] =>
[eh_d11] =>
)
[review_item] => Array
(
)
[a_content_first] =>
Although TNC is known to play a crucial role in pre- and postnatal development, no previous studies have illuminated its germ-fighting ability. myllissa, CC BY-SA 2.0
[a_content] =>
Breast milk may help ward off human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), according to a new study. Researchers at Duke University have discovered that a compound occurring in maternal milk can kill the virus and protect newborns from becoming infected. The findings help explain why infants with HIV-positive mothers don’t become infected more often than they do.
While scientists have been investigating the apparent antiviral properties of breast milk for some time, the new study is among the first to single out a particular protective compound. The research, which is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, focused on a protein known as Tenascin-C, or TNC. According to Sallie Permar, professor of pediatrics and senior author of the study, the discovery could underpin new methods of treating babies born to HIV-positive mothers. In nations with limited access to conventional medication, such methods may revolutionize prevention strategies.
"Even though we have anti-retroviral drugs that can work to prevent mother-to-child transmission, not every pregnant woman is being tested for HIV, and less than 60 percent are receiving the prevention drugs – particularly in countries with few resources," she said in a statement released by the university. "There is still a need for alternative strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission, which is why this work is important."
Although TNC is known to play a crucial role in pre- and postnatal development, no other studies have illuminated its apparent antiviral and germ-fighting capacity. "TNC is a component of the 'extracellular matrix' that is integral to how tissues hold themselves together," Permar told Health Day. "This is a protein involved during wound healing, playing a role in tissue repair. It is also known to be important in fetal development, but its reason for being a component of breast milk or its antiviral properties had never been described."
That said, more research is needed to determine whether TNC fights HIV on its own or with other substances. Until a conclusive study has been produced, HIV-positive mothers should continue to follow the recommendations of public health agencies like the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), whose guidelines explicitly forbid infected women to breastfeed under any circumstances.
Source: Genevieve G. Fouda, Frederick H. Jaeger, Joshua D. Amos, Carrie Ho, Erika L. Kunz, Kara Anasti, Lisa W. Stamper, Brooke E. Liebl, Kimberly H. Barbas, Tomoo Ohashi, Martin Arthur Moseley, Hua-Xin Liao, Harold P. Erickson, S. Munir Alam, and Sallie R. Permar Tenascin-C is an innate broad-spectrum, HIV-1–neutralizing protein in breast milk. PNAS 2013 ; published ahead of print October 21, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1307336110
The study also revealed that individuals who quit smoking, regardless of age, can achieve a life expectancy similar to non-smokers within approximately 10 years after quitting, and nearly half of this benefit can be noticed within just three years.
Researchers found that a combination of genetics and environmental factors reduces longevity in dementia patients. The same combination may shorten the lives of their siblings even without dementia.
The suicide rates increase substantially when air pollution rises, and the effect was particularly strong in the elderly, with older women 2.5 times more at risk than other groups.
While mental stress is commonly acknowledged in connection with grief, it is crucial to understand that grief can also present physical symptoms, including illnesses, fatigue, pain, and sleep disturbances.
The use of antidepressants, particularly fluoxetine, could affect the development of the prefrontal cortex of the infant's brain, potentially raising the risk of mental health disorders later in their life.
Researchers have developed smart earrings that could continuously monitor a person's earlobe temperature. The innovation known as Thermal Earring could also be potentially used to track signs of ovulation, stress, eating, and exercise.
The researchers made the interesting finding using a trial involving patients with a rare genetic condition called Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD).
People infected with the flu were more likely to need hospital care in the following year for common neurologic conditions than people who had the SARS-CoV2 infection.
Among women with a history of pregnancy complications, those who achieved or maintained high heart health after pregnancy were at a similar risk for heart disease as women without adverse pregnancy outcomes and good cardiovascular health, the study stated.
The study published in the journal BMJ indicated that individuals with hypermobile joints had a 30% higher chance of not fully recovering from COVID-19 and experiencing persistent fatigue associated with long COVID.
The studies showed that COVID antigens lingered in the blood up to 14 months after infection and more than two years in tissue samples of people who had the infection.
Those individuals who receive a COVID-19 vaccine during the first half of their menstrual cycle are more likely to experience cycle length changes than those receiving a vaccine in the latter half.
Fighting HIV With Breast Milk: Protein TNC May Protect Breastfeeding Babies With HIV-Positive Mothers
By
Although TNC is known to play a crucial role in pre- and postnatal development, no previous studies have illuminated its germ-fighting ability. myllissa, CC BY-SA 2.0
Breast milk may help ward off human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), according to a new study. Researchers at Duke University have discovered that a compound occurring in maternal milk can kill the virus and protect newborns from becoming infected. The findings help explain why infants with HIV-positive mothers don’t become infected more often than they do.
While scientists have been investigating the apparent antiviral properties of breast milk for some time, the new study is among the first to single out a particular protective compound. The research, which is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, focused on a protein known as Tenascin-C, or TNC. According to Sallie Permar, professor of pediatrics and senior author of the study, the discovery could underpin new methods of treating babies born to HIV-positive mothers. In nations with limited access to conventional medication, such methods may revolutionize prevention strategies.
"Even though we have anti-retroviral drugs that can work to prevent mother-to-child transmission, not every pregnant woman is being tested for HIV, and less than 60 percent are receiving the prevention drugs – particularly in countries with few resources," she said in a statement released by the university. "There is still a need for alternative strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission, which is why this work is important."
Although TNC is known to play a crucial role in pre- and postnatal development, no other studies have illuminated its apparent antiviral and germ-fighting capacity. "TNC is a component of the 'extracellular matrix' that is integral to how tissues hold themselves together," Permar told Health Day. "This is a protein involved during wound healing, playing a role in tissue repair. It is also known to be important in fetal development, but its reason for being a component of breast milk or its antiviral properties had never been described."
That said, more research is needed to determine whether TNC fights HIV on its own or with other substances. Until a conclusive study has been produced, HIV-positive mothers should continue to follow the recommendations of public health agencies like the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), whose guidelines explicitly forbid infected women to breastfeed under any circumstances.
Source: Genevieve G. Fouda, Frederick H. Jaeger, Joshua D. Amos, Carrie Ho, Erika L. Kunz, Kara Anasti, Lisa W. Stamper, Brooke E. Liebl, Kimberly H. Barbas, Tomoo Ohashi, Martin Arthur Moseley, Hua-Xin Liao, Harold P. Erickson, S. Munir Alam, and Sallie R. Permar Tenascin-C is an innate broad-spectrum, HIV-1–neutralizing protein in breast milk. PNAS 2013 ; published ahead of print October 21, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1307336110
